
The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases that helps us breathe. It is found in the thorax between the alveoli and the capillaries. The anatomy of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide varies according to the organism.
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The acute hypoxemic respiratory failure includes several functions in the body that generally support the entire respiratory process so we can breathe easily. First, there is the ventilation process, where clean air is inhaled and the old air is exhaled. The lungs are ventilated by the respiratory muscles.
The autonomic nervous system controls ventilation. There is an area in the brain that forms a center of respiratory regulation (interconnected brain cells) that controls respiratory movements.
Inhalation is the movement of air from the external environment through the airways and into the alveoli. It begins with the contraction of the diaphragm, the main driver of inhalation under normal conditions. It is with external intercostal muscles. However, the muscles of the airways help with expansion and support, especially when a respiratory arrest occurs. Finally, the air is filtered and heated and then flows into the lungs. During this process, the air is exhaled. It is done by the abdominal and internal intercostal muscles. The air flows until the pressure in the chest and in the atmosphere reaches equilibrium.
Circulation is the process that moves substances to and from cells. It starts with the pumping of blood from the right ventricle (one of the four chambers in the heart) and the pulmonary valve (holding the unidirectional flow of blood in the heart in vertical position) and in the pulmonary arteries (carries blood from the heart to the lungs). The vessels pass through the respiratory tract and several branches. After the gas exchange, the blood returns to the heart.
The exchange of gases is the main function of the respiratory system. It develops between the external environment and the circulatory system of an organism. The exchange of gases occurs in the alveoli (small sacs). Oxygen molecules and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion (transport of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration in a random molecular motion).
Department and Parts
Breathing is the process of inhaling and exhaling throughout the operating system. It is divided according to the anatomical characteristics of a particular organism. There is the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal passages, larynx, and throat. The lower part consists of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It can also be divided into functional or physiological zones. Therefore, the line zone transports gas from the outside atmosphere. The transition and respiratory zones operate in the alveolar region, where gas exchange occurs.