Receding gums is a dental condition that occurs when the gum tissue surrounding the teeth wears away or pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or even its root. If left untreated, this common dental problem can lead to tooth sensitivity, gum disease, and even tooth loss. Understanding what causes receding gums is crucial for preventing further damage and maintaining oral health.
In this blog, we will explore the key factors contributing to gum recession, the symptoms to watch out for, and the available treatments to help prevent gum recession from worsening.
What is the Gum Recession?
Gum recession occurs when the margin of the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth wears away, exposing the roots of the teeth. It can be a gradual process that happens over time, or it can occur more suddenly due to specific factors such as gum disease or tooth grinding. When the gums recede, it can create gaps or pockets between the teeth and gums, which makes it easier for harmful bacteria to build up, leading to periodontal disease and other oral health problems.
Receding gums are not only a cosmetic issue but can also cause tooth sensitivity and increase the risk of tooth decay and tooth loss. If gum recession is severe, the affected teeth may become loose due to the lack of support from the gums.
What Causes Receding Gums?
There are several reasons why gums recede. Some of the most common causes include:
1. Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)
One of the leading causes of gum recession is gum disease, which is an infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth. Gingivitis, the early stage of gum disease, can cause inflammation of the gums, leading to redness and swelling. If untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, where the gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, leading to gum recession.
Periodontal disease occurs due to the buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth. These harmful substances are made up of bacteria and food particles, and if not properly removed through brushing and flossing, they can infect the gums and cause them to recede.
2. Aggressive Tooth Brushing
While brushing your teeth is essential for oral health, brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can damage the delicate gum tissue. Aggressive brushing can cause the gum tissue to wear down, resulting in gum recession. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle brushing techniques is important to avoid harming the gums.
3. Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)
Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, can also lead to gum recession. Grinding or clench your teeth puts excessive pressure on the gums, causing them to recede over time. If you notice that you grind your teeth, especially at night, you should consult your dentist about possible solutions, such as wearing a mouthguard while sleeping.
4. Tobacco Use
Smoking or chewing tobacco can increase the risk of gum disease, which in turn can lead to gum recession. The harmful chemicals in tobacco products can irritate the gum tissue, making it more vulnerable to infection and recession. Quitting tobacco use is one of the best steps to prevent gum recession and improve oral health.
5. Hormonal Changes
Hormonal fluctuations, such as those experienced during pregnancy, menopause, or puberty, can make the gums more sensitive to recession. During these times, the body’s increased production of hormones can affect the gum tissue, leading to gum recession. Pregnant women, in particular, may experience gum disease due to changes in their hormone levels, so it’s essential to practice good oral hygiene during these times.
6. Poor Oral Hygiene
Not brushing or flossing your teeth regularly can contribute to gum disease and gum recession. Poor oral hygiene allows plaque to build up along the gum line, leading to inflammation and infection. If plaque is not removed, it can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dentist during a professional cleaning. Regular brushing, flossing, and dental checkups are key to preventing gum recession and other oral health issues.
7. Genetics
Some people may be more prone to gum recession due to their genetics. If your family has a gum disease or tooth loss history, you may be at a higher risk of experiencing receding gums. While you cannot change your genetic predisposition, maintaining good oral hygiene and visiting your dentist regularly can help mitigate the risk.
8. Tooth Misalignment (Malocclusion)
When your teeth are misaligned or crowded, they may put excess pressure on the gums, leading to gum recession. Crooked teeth or an improper bite can cause uneven wear on the gum tissue, leading to recession over time. Orthodontic treatment, such as braces, can help correct the alignment of your teeth and reduce the risk of gum recession.
9. Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol can harm your gums and oral health. Alcohol can dry out your mouth, reducing the amount of saliva produced. Saliva is vital in neutralizing acids and washing away food particles and bacteria. Harmful bacteria can build up without enough saliva, leading to gum disease and gum recession.
10. Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions can increase the likelihood of gum recession. Conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and autoimmune diseases can make your gums more vulnerable to infection and damage. In addition, medications used to treat these conditions may also cause dry mouth, further contributing to gum recession.
11. Age
As we age, our gum tissue naturally begins to wear down. Mild gum recession is common as we age, and the gums may naturally recede. While this type of gum recession is generally less severe, it still requires attention to maintain good oral health.
Preventing Gum Recession
While several factors can cause gum recession, there are steps you can take to prevent gum recession or minimize its effects:
1. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene
Brushing your teeth at least twice daily, flossing daily, and using an antimicrobial mouthwash can help keep your gums healthy and prevent gum disease. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle brushing techniques to avoid damaging the gum tissue.
2. Visit Your Dentist Regularly
Regular dental checkups and cleanings are essential for maintaining oral health and preventing gum recession. Your dentist can detect early signs of gum disease and provide professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar that can contribute to gum recession.
3. Avoid Tobacco Products
If you smoke or chew tobacco, consider quitting. Tobacco use is a major risk factor for gum disease and gum recession. Quitting can improve your oral health and reduce your risk of developing gum recession.
4. Wear a Mouthguard for Teeth Grinding
If you grind your teeth, talk to your dentist about getting a custom mouthguard to protect your teeth and gums. Wearing a mouthguard at night can help prevent the damage caused by teeth grinding and reduce the risk of gum recession.
5. Treat Misaligned Teeth
If your teeth are misaligned or have an improper bite, consider orthodontic treatment to correct the alignment. This can help reduce the pressure on your gums and prevent gum recession.
6. Manage Your Overall Health
Conditions like diabetes and heart disease can affect your gum health. Managing these conditions and working with your healthcare provider can help minimize the risk of gum recession.
Gum Recession Treatment Options
If you are already experiencing gum recession, treatment options are available to address the issue. These include:
1. Deep Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planing)
For cases of gum disease, a deep cleaning procedure called scaling and root planing may be performed to remove plaque and tartar from the gum line and tooth roots. This can help promote healing and prevent further gum recession.
2. Gum Grafts
In cases of severe gum recession, a gum graft may be recommended. This surgical procedure involves taking gum tissue from another area of the mouth and grafting it onto the affected area to cover the exposed tooth roots.
3. Flap Surgery
Flap surgery is another surgical procedure used to treat severe gum recession. During this procedure, the gums are lifted to allow the dentist or periodontist to remove bacteria and tartar from the root surfaces before repositioning the gums to cover the exposed tooth roots.
4. Regenerative Procedures
If bone loss has occurred due to gum disease, regenerative procedures may stimulate the growth of new bone and tissue in the affected area. This can help restore the gum tissue and prevent further gum recession.
Conclusion
Gum recession is a common dental problem that can lead to serious oral health issues if left untreated. Understanding the causes of receding gums and preventing gum recession can help maintain oral health and avoid complications such as tooth loss and gum disease. If you notice gum recession, consult your Mackay dentist at Northern Beaches Dental clinic for an evaluation and appropriate treatment options to restore your gums and protect your smile.
References
https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/receding_gums_causes-treatments
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22753-gum-recession
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312992
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